以表彰他们领导天文卫星,证明了宇宙中最大能量的爆发 ― 伽玛射线暴 ― 来自宇宙学距离。
1967年Vela系列人造卫星上的伽玛探测器偶然探测到伽玛射线暴,1973年Klebesadel等人正式发表发现结果。恩里科•科斯塔 (Enrico Costa) 和杰拉尔德•菲什曼 (Gerald J Fishman) 过去二十年的工作证明了伽玛射线暴是来自宇宙,并为宇宙中最大能量的爆发。
伽玛射线暴是一种在伽玛射线波段的强爆发,爆发来自宇宙,持续时间几秒到几分钟。在爆发期间,伽玛射线暴的亮度极高,比宇宙中任何天体都要亮。我们现在知道伽玛射线暴的源是处在遥远的河外星系的距离上。之所以这么亮,是因为它们发出的相对论粒子束非常窄,那些朝向地球的粒子束就被我们观测到。我们也已知道至少存在两类伽玛射线暴。大质量恒星中心塌缩,会变成黑洞,引发某类罕见的超新星爆发,并导致时间较长的伽玛射线暴;而两颗中子星并合,则导致爆发时间较短的伽玛射线暴。
Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are intense flashes of gamma rays emanating from cosmic sources and lasting for a few seconds to minutes and were first detected serendipitously in 1967 by gamma ray detectors aboard the Vela satellites, and were announced by Klebesadel et al in 1973 the discovery of GRBs.
To understand the nature of GRBs the first and key step is to determine the distance of GRBs from the Earth. The two experiments, namely Burst and Transient Source Explorer (BATSE) on Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) and BeppoSAX, play a leading role in answering this key question.