for his foundational contributions to theoretical astrophysics, especially concerning the fundamental understanding of active galactic nuclei, the formation and collimation of relativistic jets, the energy extraction mechanism from black holes, and the acceleration of particles in shocks and their relevant radiation mechanisms.
for the development of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionized neuroscience.
for their huge influence on and profound contributions to representation theory, as well as many other areas of mathematics .
for his leadership in the Voyager project, which has, over the past four decades, transformed our understanding of the four giant planets and the outer solar system, and has now begun to explore interstellar space.
for her work showing that localized double strand breaks in DNA stimulate recombination in mammalian cells. This seminal work was essential for and led directly to the tools enabling editing at specific sites in mammalian genomes.
for his work on concentration inequalities, on suprema of stochastic processes and on rigorous results for spin glasses.
