for discovering that the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating, implying in the simplest interpretation that the energy density of space is non-vanishing even in the absence of any matter and radiation.
for his discovery of the biochemical basis of programmed cell death, a vital process that balances cell birth and defends against cancer.
for David Mumford’s contributions to mathematics, and to the new interdisciplinary fields of pattern theory and vision research; and for Wentsun Wu’s contributions to the new interdisciplinary field of mathematics mechanization.
for finding and characterizing the orbits and masses of the first planets around other stars, thereby revolutionizing our understanding of the processes that form planets and planetary systems.
for his discoveries on calcium signalling in the regulation of cellular activity.
